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Lesson 11.1
The Han dynasty set the standard for the three Chinese dynasties that followed. These were the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty. The three dynasties brought progress and stability to China. The Sui dynasty, although it did not last long, unified china as one coherent whole. Sui Yangdi, the second emperor, completed the Grand Canal, built to link the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. The Tang dynasty created a stable economy by giving land to peasants and breaking apart the big estates to reduce the power of their owners. They brought peace to northwestern China and expanded China's control into the area north of the Himalaya. They also oversaw economic developments, such as increased trade with the West and Japan. The Song dynasty crossed into northern China and occupied large parts of Chinese territory. The Mongols overthrew the Song and created a new Mongol dynasty. Power struggles occur when an empire experiences major labor issues and/or government problems. Stable periods occur when a leader is put in charge who can properly take care of the nation at a steady pace. Invasions can change the lives of the people because a new leader can become in charge and completely change the concepts of their laws. |
Lesson 11.2
Due to largely to their military prowess, the Mongols rose to power in Asia with stunning speed. The Mongols were a pastoral people from the region of modern day Mongolia who were organized loosely into clans. Temüjin, born during the 1160's, gradually unified the Mongols. In 1206, he was elected Genghis Khan- strong ruler-at a massive meeting somewhere in the Gobi. From that time on, he devoted himself to conquest. In 12 79 one of Genghis Khan's grandsons, named Kublai Khan, completed the conquest of the Song dynasty and set up a new Chinese dynasty, the Yuan. The effects of the Mongol invasion of China were seen far and wide. Kublai Khan established his capital and Khanbalik- the city of the Khan later known as Beijing. A new doctrine was created called net-confusion which served as a response to Buddhism and Daoism. It teaches that the world is real, not an illusion, and that fulfillment comes from participation in the world. Power struggles occur when an empire experiences major labor issues and/or government problems. Stable periods occur when a leader is put in charge who can properly take care of the nation at a steady pace. Invasions can change the lives of the people because a new leader can become in charge and completely change the concepts of their laws. |
Lesson 11.3
The populations concentrated on four main islands: Hokkadō , the main island of Honshū , and the two smaller islands of Kyū shū and Shikoku. Japan's total land areas aproximately 146,000 square miles. Called the Samurai, these warriors fought on horse back, clad in helmet and armor, and carried a sword and bow. Like knights in Europe, the Samurai were supposed to live by a strict warrior code, known in Japan as Bushido ("the way of the warrior"). Early Japan was mostly a farming society. Its people took advantage of the limited amount of farm land and abundant rainfall to grow wet rice, Trade in Japan was slow to develop. Bartering was used until the twelfth century. Early Japanese people worshiped spirits, called kami, whom they believed resided in trees, rivers, and mountains. The Japanese also believed that the spirits of their ancestors were present in the air around them. Power struggles occur when an empire experiences major labor issues and/or government problems. Stable periods occur when a leader is put in charge who can properly take care of the nation at a steady pace. Invasions can change the lives of the people because a new leader can become in charge and completely change the concepts of their laws. |
Lesson 11.4
Theravada was A conservative branch of Buddhism that adheres to Pali scriptures and the nontheistic ideal of self-purification tonirvana and is dominant in Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. Mahayana was one of the major schools of Buddhism, traditionally active in much of Nepal, Tibet, and East Asia and emphasizingcompassion and the possibility of universal salvation. During the second half of the fourteenth century, the sultanate of Delhi began to decline. Near the end of the century, a new military force crossed the Indus River from the northwest. These invaders, of mixed Mongol and Turkish heritage, raided the capital of Delhi. The Vietnamese were one of the first peoples to develop their own state and culture. After the Chinese finally conquered the Vietnamese they were frustrated because it was very difficult to make them be a part of China. Power struggles occur when an empire experiences major labor issues and/or government problems. Stable periods occur when a leader is put in charge who can properly take care of the nation at a steady pace. Invasions can change the lives of the people because a new leader can become in charge and completely change the concepts of their laws. |