Culture, Churches, and Crusades
12.1:
The catholic church reached the height of its political power in the thirteenth century under Pope Innocent III. Religious enthusiasm spread and new monastic orders emerged. By the High Middle Ages, the Catholic Church had become a dominant and forceful presence in Europe. To achieve his political ends, Innocent used the spiritual weapons at his command. His favorite was the interdict, which was a decree by the pope that forbade priests from giving the sacraments of the church to the people. An important woman from this lesson is Hildegard of Bingen who became one of the first famous female conductors.
The catholic church reached the height of its political power in the thirteenth century under Pope Innocent III. Religious enthusiasm spread and new monastic orders emerged. By the High Middle Ages, the Catholic Church had become a dominant and forceful presence in Europe. To achieve his political ends, Innocent used the spiritual weapons at his command. His favorite was the interdict, which was a decree by the pope that forbade priests from giving the sacraments of the church to the people. An important woman from this lesson is Hildegard of Bingen who became one of the first famous female conductors.
12.2:
From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, European Christians carried out a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. These expeditions are known as crusades. The crusades started when the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus asked for help against the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuk Turks were Muslims who had taken control of Asia Minor. Six crusades occurred in this lesson but only the first four were successful. Perhaps the greatest impact of the crusades was political. They eventually broke down feudalism.
From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, European Christians carried out a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. These expeditions are known as crusades. The crusades started when the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus asked for help against the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuk Turks were Muslims who had taken control of Asia Minor. Six crusades occurred in this lesson but only the first four were successful. Perhaps the greatest impact of the crusades was political. They eventually broke down feudalism.
12.3:
During the High Middle Ages, Europe witnessed a surge in architectural innovations and an intellectual revival. Beautiful cathedrals appeared across Europe, and the intellectual revival gave rise to Europe's first universities. Latin was the universal language of medieval civilization. However, in the twelfth century, much new literature was being written in the vernacular the language of every day speech in a particular region, such as Spanish, French, English, or German.
During the High Middle Ages, Europe witnessed a surge in architectural innovations and an intellectual revival. Beautiful cathedrals appeared across Europe, and the intellectual revival gave rise to Europe's first universities. Latin was the universal language of medieval civilization. However, in the twelfth century, much new literature was being written in the vernacular the language of every day speech in a particular region, such as Spanish, French, English, or German.
12.4:
Medieval European society reached its high point in the 1200s. However, much changed in the 1300s when a series of disastrous forces overwhelmed Europe. The Black Death spread, killing more than one-third of the population. People's faith was undermined when the Great Schism started. Recovery began in the 1400s, and rulers responded by establishing their "new" monarchies. Many believed that God sent it as a punishment for their sins or that the devil caused it. Extreme reactions led to anti-semitism, or hostility toward Jews, who were sometimes falsely accused of causing the plague by poisoning town wells.
Medieval European society reached its high point in the 1200s. However, much changed in the 1300s when a series of disastrous forces overwhelmed Europe. The Black Death spread, killing more than one-third of the population. People's faith was undermined when the Great Schism started. Recovery began in the 1400s, and rulers responded by establishing their "new" monarchies. Many believed that God sent it as a punishment for their sins or that the devil caused it. Extreme reactions led to anti-semitism, or hostility toward Jews, who were sometimes falsely accused of causing the plague by poisoning town wells.
Questions?
1. What was the Concordat of Worms, and why was this an important turning point for the Catholic Church?
2. What was the Cistercian order and how was it different from the Benedictine order?
3. How many Crusades were there in total and what were their effects of early life for the Christians?
4. How were Philosophy, Theology, and Scholasticism related in the first Universities?
5. What event caused the hundred years war to start and how was it a turning point for warfare?
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1. What was the Concordat of Worms, and why was this an important turning point for the Catholic Church?
2. What was the Cistercian order and how was it different from the Benedictine order?
3. How many Crusades were there in total and what were their effects of early life for the Christians?
4. How were Philosophy, Theology, and Scholasticism related in the first Universities?
5. What event caused the hundred years war to start and how was it a turning point for warfare?
w